Introduction to Operating System

 

🔹 1. Introduction to Operating System

An Operating System is system software that:

• Acts as an interface between user and hardware

• Manages CPU, Memory, Files, Devices

• Provides security and multitasking

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🔹 2. Windows Operating System Overview

✔ Key Points

• Developed by Microsoft

• Closed-source (Proprietary)

• GUI-based and beginner-friendly

• Widely used in personal computers & offices

✔ Popular Windows Versions

• Windows 10

• Windows 11

• Windows Server

✔ Strengths

• Easy to use

• Excellent software & game support

• Strong driver compatibility

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🔹 3. Linux Operating System Overview

✔ Key Points

• Developed by community + organizations

• Open-source & free

• Highly customizable

• Preferred for servers & developers

✔ Popular Linux Distributions

• Ubuntu

• Red Hat

• CentOS

• Debian

✔ Strengths

• Secure & stable

• Lightweight

• Ideal for servers, cloud, DevOps

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🔹 4. Windows vs Linux – Detailed Comparison Table

Feature	Windows OS	Linux OS
Source Code	Closed source	Open source
Cost	Paid (License required)	Mostly free
User Interface	GUI-focused	GUI + CLI
Customization	Limited	High
Security	Good but virus-prone	Very secure
Performance	Heavy resource usage	Lightweight
Software Installation	EXE / Store	Package Manager
File System	NTFS, FAT32	ext4, xfs
Updates	Forced sometimes	User-controlled
Gaming	Excellent	Limited (improving)
Server Usage	Moderate	Very High

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🔹 5. Architecture Comparison

Windows Architecture

• Hardware

• Kernel

• Device Drivers

• GUI

• Applications

Linux Architecture

• Hardware

• Kernel (Monolithic)

• Shell

• System Utilities

• Applications

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🔹 6. Command Line Comparison (Live Demo Section)

Task	Windows (CMD)	Linux (Terminal)
List files	dir	ls
Change directory	cd	cd
Clear screen	cls	clear
Copy file	copy	cp
Delete file	del	rm
Check IP	ipconfig	ifconfig / ip a

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🔹 7. Use Case Comparison

✅ Use Windows When:

• Office work

• Gaming

• Graphic design

• Beginners

✅ Use Linux When:

• Server administration

• Cloud & DevOps

• Programming

• Cybersecurity

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🔹 8. Advantages & Disadvantages

Windows

Pros

• User-friendly

• Strong software support

Cons

• Paid license

• More vulnerable to malware

Linux

Pros

• Free & open-source

• Secure and fast

Cons

• Steep learning curve

• Limited commercial software

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🔹 9. Interview & Exam Questions (Quick Add-on)

1. Why is Linux more secure than Windows?

2. Difference between GUI and CLI?

3. What is open-source OS?

4. Which OS is best for servers and why?

5. Can Linux replace Windows? Explain.

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🔹 10. Conclusion (Session Wrap-up)

• Windows → Best for general users & enterprises

• Linux → Best for servers, developers & cloud

• Choice depends on requirements, budget & skills